廢物"之說：
1、litter：并不是真正意義上的廢物，而是用后散置的“雜物”，相當于odds and ends，或索性說是殘余物（leavings）
Always pick up your litter after a picnic.
2、waste：真正的廢物，美國人常用trash,此字還有“殘屑”、或“垃圾”之意。
垃圾簍美國人用trash can；英國用dustbin.美國人把南方的窮苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可見，此詞又可作“無價值的人或物”解釋。
That book is mere trash.
3、rubbish：范圍廣，真正的廢物。也可表驚嘆“Rubbish(胡說！)”
英國人常說：That book is all rubbish.
4、廚房殘屑:kitchen refuse或refuse：此詞做廢物或無用之物講，但一般指固體廢物，不指可排泄的垃圾。
5、到垃圾的地方：a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish; a rubbish dump.
6、junk:垃圾、廢物。原意是“破爛貨”。
His writing is all junk.
7、廢人、社會渣滓：human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hobo
He is now a "has-been"(他現(xiàn)成了廢物)＝He outlived his usefulness.
Commitment譯法:
動詞commit在字典中涵義：
1、 犯、行、作：commit a crime; commit a blunder; commit murder; commit suicide
2、 委托、付諸：commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托資金與保管委員會)；commit a bill(議會將議案交付委員審查)；commit thoughts to writing(將想法寫出來)；commit something to memory(暗記某事)；
3、 承擔：If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brother’s school expenses, and give $ 500 a year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.
4、 (束縛身體之意轉為)牽累，陷入，獻身：Do not commit yourself(勿自限累)；commit oneself to a promise;
例析：
1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.
在過去十年中，我們比歷史上任何時期都力求更加熱心地、更加獻身地、更加成功地來達到這個目標(獻身)。
2、（李光耀對新加坡人的定義）A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it is—multi-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking---and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.
一個新加坡人就是一個對現(xiàn)存的多元種族、容忍互助而又高瞻遠矚的社會，以獻身精神來支持它，并裝備為它付出生命的人（獻身的）。
3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.
我相信兩黨的總統(tǒng)候選人，都應絕對明確地表示，他們對于促成現(xiàn)在巴黎舉行的商談成功，具有基本的言語約束（言約）。
4、 he second imperative of our policy for peace is that we must meet our commitment and keep our promises to use our strength to oppose aggression.
我們和平政策的第二條誡命，就是我們必須盡我們的義務，守住我們的諾言，竭盡所能，反抗侵略(諾言)。
5、 Vietnam may be a bitter hoax or it may be a major commitment in the defense of freedom, but it will go away because we yell “foul”; it will not fade because we blow retreat.
越南可能是一種痛苦的玩笑，也可能是在保衛(wèi)自由中的一個大的牽累，它不會因為我們大叫討厭而走開，也不會因為我們鳴金收兵而消失（牽累）
6、 The report said that new commitments of US$50.7 million during fiscal year 1968 raised total investments of the International Finance Corporation in private enterprises in its member countries to US$271.8 million in 39 countries.
1968年會計年度新的投資計有5070萬美元，使得國際金融公司在其他會員國的私人企業(yè)總投資，39個國家共達27180萬美元（投資）。
7、 The Japanese have faithfully observed their commitments.日本人忠實地遵守了投降條件（條件）。
其他：
an all-around commitment（全面的約束）
to give a precipitate commitment(給以輕率的

 

譯路通武漢漢口翻譯公司整理

2012.7.9