16.4 Connectivity and infrastructure連通性與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

It is understood by connectivity and infrastructure to the technological platform (fixed,

movable wire nets, Internet, radio, television, PC′s, telecentros, etc.), that allows to

the access and use of the TIC

As of year 1995, the sector of telecommunications has experienced transcendental

changes in its structure, has journeyed of a regime with privilege of exclusive feature in

the benefit of services to a system of free competition. These reforms have been translated in

great benefits for the development of the telecommunications at national level. He is so at the

present time we had 10 operators of telephony of long distance, 4 operators of movable

telephony, 157 TV channels, 545 operators of broadcasting, 20 suppliers on watch of Internet

and one variety of services, in costs and quality.據(jù)了解，技術(shù)平臺(tái)的連通性與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（固定、移動(dòng)電線網(wǎng)，英特網(wǎng)，收音機(jī)，電視機(jī)，個(gè)人電腦，telecentros等等）使人們可以進(jìn)入使用TIC。從1995年通訊部門已經(jīng)歷了卓越的結(jié)構(gòu)變革，經(jīng)歷了服務(wù)的專營(yíng)特權(quán)體制到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)體制。這些變革使通訊在國(guó)內(nèi)水平的發(fā)展受益。現(xiàn)如今擁有10個(gè)長(zhǎng)途電話通信運(yùn)營(yíng)商，4個(gè)移動(dòng)電話通信運(yùn)營(yíng)善，157個(gè)電視頻道，545個(gè)廣播運(yùn)營(yíng)商，20個(gè)英特網(wǎng)供應(yīng)商，一種成本與質(zhì)量的服務(wù)。

Nevertheless this reality is only visible for those urban areas or centers, where they have been

possible to generate market economies, this in direct and unbalanced resistance with the rural

and periurbanas areas of the country, that even is marginalized in their access to the basic

services of telecommunications. A sample of this is the development of the penetration of the

service of fixed and movable telephony at national level, which has been increased

significantly during the last years, arriving at almost 25 (24,76) lines each 100 inhabitants the

2004 in the urban area, in comparison to much less than a line (0,4) by each 100 inhabitants

in the rural areas.但是現(xiàn)實(shí)是，可以產(chǎn)生市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的城市地區(qū)或中心可以享有，這鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)以及城市邊緣的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)直接受到阻礙，即使在使用基本的通訊服務(wù)方面。一個(gè)事例就是國(guó)內(nèi)固定與移動(dòng)電話通信服務(wù)的滲入式發(fā)展，去年發(fā)展較為明顯，城市地區(qū)達(dá)到每100戶居民有大致25 (24,76)線路，而鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)每100戶居民不到一條線路(0,4)。

The services offered in the rural area, in addition to being extremely little, are almost in their

majority services of public telephony, radio, and television, existing a great deficiency in the

extension of other services like the Internet and the movable telephony.

The access to the services of telecommunications in the rural area, appears like a very

complex problem, where at the present time the only instrument on which it is counted for the

masificación, is the obligations defined in contracts of concession for the operators who

counted on a period of exclusive feature for the Services of Long Distance and Local

Telephony. These have the obligation to serve in localities that they have between 351 and

10,000 inhabitants. Additionally the new operators of the Services of Long National Distance

and the International, must install and maintain at least one telephone line in localities with

less than 350 inhabitants. These obligations have made possible the access to the rural area,鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)提供的服務(wù)，非常少，主要是公用電話通信、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)，其他服務(wù)非常缺乏如英特網(wǎng)、移動(dòng)電話通信。鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)享受通訊服務(wù)看起來(lái)是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。目前，唯一依靠的工具是masificación，享有一定時(shí)期長(zhǎng)途服務(wù)與當(dāng)?shù)仉娫捦ㄐ艑�營(yíng)特權(quán)的運(yùn)營(yíng)商許可契約里規(guī)定的強(qiáng)制義務(wù)。義務(wù)是向351戶到10,000居民提供當(dāng)?shù)胤��?wù)。此外新的國(guó)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)途與國(guó)際長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)營(yíng)商應(yīng)在少于350戶居民的位置安裝至少一條電話線。這些義務(wù)使鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)可能使用通訊工具。