竹子-中英對照
竹 子 概 述
竹，是禾本科的一個(gè)分支竹亞科的總稱，分布在亞熱帶地區(qū)，又稱竹類或竹子。有低矮似草，又有高如大樹。通常通過地下匍匐的根莖成片生長。也可以通過開花結(jié)籽繁衍。為多年生植物。有一些種類的竹筍可以食用。中國是世界上最主要的產(chǎn)竹國，無論是竹子的種類、面積、蓄積量及竹材、竹筍的產(chǎn)量都雄居世界首位，竹子種類已知有39屬500余種，竹林總面積約420萬hm2。
竹 子 種 類
竹是多年生木質(zhì)化植物，具地上莖（竹桿）和地下莖（竹鞭）。竹枝桿挺拔修長，亭亭玉立，四季青翠，凌霜傲雨，倍受我國人民喜愛，有“梅蘭竹菊”四君子之一,“梅松竹”歲寒三友之一等美稱。竹的種類繁多，大多可供庭園觀賞。常見栽培觀賞竹有：散生型的紫竹、毛竹、剛竹、桂竹、方竹等，叢生型的佛肚竹、孝順竹等，混生型的箬竹、茶桿竹等。
竹 筍
竹的地下莖（俗稱竹鞭）是橫著生長的，中間稍空，也有節(jié)并且多而密，在節(jié)上長著許多須根和芽。一些芽發(fā)育成為竹筍鉆出地面長成竹子，另一些芽并不長出地面，而是橫著生長，發(fā)育成新的地下莖。因此，竹子都是成片成林的生長。嫩的竹鞭和竹筍可以食用。秋冬時(shí)，竹芽還沒有長出地面，這時(shí)挖出來就叫冬筍；春天，竹筍長出地面就叫春筍。二十四孝圖中“哭竹生筍”講的就是冬筍的故事。
Bamboos
Bamboo Overview
Bamboo is a general term of a branch of the subfamily in Gramineae, which is spread over the sub 9 known genuses of bamboo and more than 500 species of bamboo. The forest area is about 4.2 million hm2 in total.
Types of bamboo
Bamboo is a woody perennial plant with the ground stems (poles) and underground stems (Rhizome). Bamboo has a slender, upright and slim shape, and characterized with evergreen and endurance with rain and cold, which is quite popular to people of our country. Therefore it is acknowledged as the one of four noble plants “Plum Blossoms, Orchids, Bamboo” and three Friends of Winter “Pines, Bamboos and Plums”. Bamboo has a large variety; most of bamboo is just planted in ornamental gardens. Common cultivated ornamental bamboo are: scattered raw type Purple Bamboo, Pubescens, Cheiranthus, Phyllostachys, clusters type of Buddha belly bamboo, Bambusa glaucescens, mixed type Indocalamus, and tea pole bamboo, etc.
Bamboo shoots
The underground stems of bamboo (called Rhizome) are sideways growth and hollow inside. Bamboo has nodes and some of them are dense with fibrous roots and buds. Some buds develop into shoots of bamboo after drilled into the ground. Some buds did not grow on the ground, but grew in sideways and developed into new underground stems. Therefore, bamboos are all grew into a piece of forest. Rhizome and tender shoots are edible. In autumn and winter, the bamboo shoot has not grown on the ground, and then dug up called bamboo shoots; in spring, bamboo shoots grow on the ground called bamboo shoots of spring in China. Drawing of Twenty-four Filial Piety stories “Cried for bamboo shoots in winter” tells us the story of the bamboo shoots in winter.
2012.11.10