蒙古族婚俗-中英對(duì)照翻譯
宗教：藏傳佛教
蒙古族婚俗：婚制。蒙古族有搶婚和聘婚兩種婚姻制度。搶婚是奴隸制社會(huì)的一種婚姻形式。公元十三世紀(jì)以前，蒙古族社會(huì)多半為搶婚制。公元十三世紀(jì)以后，蒙古族進(jìn)入封建社會(huì)，即普遍實(shí)行聘婚制。
婚禮：蒙古族牧民的婚禮熱鬧非凡，別具特色。由於地域的不同，婚禮細(xì)節(jié)各異，但程序基本相同。
Religion: Tibetan Buddhism
The Mongols' marriage customs: Marriage system. There are two types of marriage systems in Mongolian conventional marriage, namely, despoil marriage and engaged marriage. The despoil marriage is a type of marriage form appeared in slave society. Before the 13th century, most place in Mongols society carried out the despoil marriage. After the 13th century, the Mongolian enters the feudal society and applied the engaged marriage system.
Wedding: The wedding of the herdsman of the Mongols is lively and outstanding. The wedding detail is different due to the difference region. However, the procedure of wedding is basically similar to each other.
神話：《鄂爾多斯婚禮》中有一則人類起源與婚姻起源神話。在創(chuàng)世造人的時(shí)候，兩位先父先母結(jié)成兒女親家。從人類之父的右膝上，生出三百六十一名男娃。從人類之母的左膝上，育成三百六十一名女娃。男孩女孩長(zhǎng)大后結(jié)成夫婦，使祖業(yè)興旺發(fā)達(dá)，合家富貴榮華。婚嫁是天地初開之時(shí)人類之父和人類之母定下來(lái)的規(guī)矩，男女婚配才有人類的繁衍和幸福。
Mythology: There is a mythology of the origin of mankind and marriage in China in “Wedding of Erdos”. In the age of mankind creation, two ancient of father and mother become the relatives by marriage. From the human father's right knee, grow out 361 boy babies. From the human s mother's left knee, breed 361 girl babies. Boys and girls married after growing up. The decedents of the ancestor become prosperous and live a happy life. The marriage is the rule which human father and mother decided after the birth of the world. The marriage of men and women is the reason for human procreation and happiness.
定親：在蒙古族婚禮中，定親是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。按照蒙古族的傳統(tǒng)婚俗，青年男女成年以后，父母要為兒子物色一位般配的姑娘，女方也要詳細(xì)了解男方。姑娘一般在十七、十九這些奇數(shù)年齡成婚。青年男女在定親之前，男方要向女方求親，為體現(xiàn)男方對(duì)女方的誠(chéng)意，男方會(huì)選派一個(gè)善于交際的并在家族中有一定地位的男性作為媒人, 并托媒人多次向女方求親。媒人找尋一位合適的人，一同帶著象征和諧、甜蜜、旺盛的白糖、茶葉、膠等物品，用一塊白手巾包著前去撮合，若女方收下方可繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。隨后男方父母及本人要帶著哈達(dá)、奶酒、糖塊之類禮品求婚，需進(jìn)行數(shù)次才能訂婚。女方收下訂婚禮后，男方還要向女方送三次酒，女方將酒全部喝掉，婚事便確定下來(lái)。求親達(dá)成協(xié)議后，由男方帶上哈達(dá)、奶酒和全羊到女家“下定”。女家請(qǐng)親友陪客人飲酒，表示正式定親。
Engagement: In Mongols' wedding, the engagement is a very important step. According to the traditional marriage customs of the Mongols, after young men and women grow up, parents shall look for a girl matching for the son. The family of girl shall ask for the detail information of the boy as well. Girls generally get married at the ages of odd number such as 17 and 19. Before engagement, the boy shall ask the girl to married with him. In order to proof the sincerity of the boy, the boy family shall select and appoint one person that is good at communication and with certain status in the family as the matchmaker, and ask the matchmaker to seek a marriage alliance to the girl’s family for many times. The matchmaker shall select a suitable person, and send the presents symbolized harmonious, happy and vigorous such as white sugar, tea and glue, etc. to the girl’s family. The presents shall be covered with a white towel. If the girl’s family accepted them presents the boy and the girl may continue their communication. Then the parents of boy and together with the boy shall bring presents of hada, wine of milk and sugar, etc. to the girl’s family and propose for marriage. It is required to carry on several times for settle the whole process of engagement. After the girl’s family accepts the presents for engagement, the boy’s family shall send the wine for three times to the girl. The girl shall drink all the wine up, and the marriage wedding is decided. After the engagement reached an agreement, the boy shall take hada , milk wine and the whole sheep to the girl’s family for “engagement agreement”. The girl's shall invite the relatives and friends and entertain the guest for drinking, which shows formally engaged.
擇吉日：請(qǐng)喇嘛占卜選擇吉日，最后向親朋好友發(fā)出婚宴邀請(qǐng)。
Select a lucky date. Invite the lama to choose the lucky date; send out the wedding banquet invitation to relatives and friends finally.
聘禮：青年男女定親后由男方送給女方家聘禮。聘禮得多少由男方家的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況而定。牧區(qū)常以牛、馬、羊等牲畜為聘禮。牧民視9為吉祥數(shù)，聘禮以九為起點(diǎn)，從1*9到9*9，最多不超過(guò)81頭，取九九為長(zhǎng)壽的意思。若貧困牧戶不具備九數(shù)牲畜的聘禮，也可以擇小于九的奇數(shù)，以3、5、7牲畜為聘禮，但絕不能擇偶數(shù)。
Betrothal gifts: The boy family shall give the girl's family betrothal gifts after engagement, depending on the economic circumstances of the boy's family. In pasturing area, the betrothal gifts shall be ox, horse and sheep, etc. The herdsman regards 9 as the lucky number, the betrothal gifts regard nine as the starting point; from 1*9 to 9*9; and not to exceeding 81 at most, which takes the macrobiotic meaning in 99. If herd family does not possess betrothal gifts of nine, it can select the odd number smaller than nine such as 3, 5, 7 for the betrothal gifts, but it shall not select the even number.
嫁妝：蒙古族非常講究陪送嫁妝。嫁妝就是女方陪送女兒的出嫁禮物。
Dowry: The Mongols stresses and dowries very much. Dowry is the dower gift with the daughter to the married family.
當(dāng)新娘與新郎回到男方家后，二人騎馬圍繞蒙古包轉(zhuǎn)三圈，然后新娘新郎下馬，一起跨過(guò)兩堆旺火，接受火神洗禮，喻示愛情的純潔堅(jiān)貞，新生活的興旺。接著一齊往火里祭灑奶酒，并跪拜磕頭，旁邊站著司儀誦讀《火的贊詞》：圣主成吉思汗發(fā)現(xiàn)火石，訶額侖母夫人保存下來(lái)的火種，用潔白的哈達(dá)、奶酒祭祀，民族之火從古到今。請(qǐng)新郎新娘祈禱吧！神火是你們婚配的見證；請(qǐng)新郎新娘叩頭吧！佛光為你們傳宗接代。贊詞紀(jì)念先祖，并暗示新娘新郎早生貴子。
After the bride and bridegroom get back to the husband's home, the new couple shall ride a horse and turn three circles around the yurt, then bride and bridegroom get down from horse; stride two piles of very hot oven together; accept the supernatural baptism of fire, which symbolizes the pure and faithful of love, and the new life is prosperous. Then hold a memorial ceremony for and spill the milk wine to the fire simultaneously, and worship on bended knees and kowtow. The master of ceremonies stands nearby to read aloud “the words of praise of fire”: Sacred Genghis Khan finds the flint; the Kerluen mother kept the kindling, offers the sacrifices with the pure white hada and milk wine; the national fire is from ancient times to the present. Bride and bridegroom please pray! The sacred kindling is the wetness for your wedding: bride and bridegroom please take the ceremony of kowtow to pray! The Buddhist light shall produce a male heir to continue the family line for you. The words of praise commemorate the ancestors, and hint that bride and bridegroom shall have sons early.
進(jìn)入蒙古包后，新婚夫婦首先祭拜爐火再次祈禱生活興旺安定，而不是向漢族一樣拜天地，接著拜見長(zhǎng)輩親友，由婆婆掀起新娘的蓋頭，并為新娘起新的名字，象征新娘此時(shí)此刻已經(jīng)屬于男方。在新娘換裝梳洗后，婚宴正式開始，婚宴還是以羊肉，奶制品為主。
婚宴上新娘新郎要逐一向來(lái)自四面八方的親朋好友進(jìn)獻(xiàn)哈達(dá)，喜酒。青年男女們拉響馬頭琴，放聲高歌。喜宴將持續(xù)3天左右。
After entering the yurt, newly-married couple shall hold a memorial ceremony for stove fire to pray again for the life prosperity and stable at first, which is different to the ceremonial of Han nationality to worship Heaven & Earth, and then take a formal visit to the elder relatives and friends. The mother of bride shall uncover the veil of the bride, and gives the new name to the bride, which signifies that the bride has already belonged to the bridegroom at this moment. After the bride changed her dressing, the wedding banquet begins formally. The wedding banquet is still mainly offered with the mutton and milk products.
Bride and bridegroom shall offer the Hada and wine to the relatives and friends from all directions. Young men and women play the horse-headed instrument and sing heartily. The wedding breakfast shall last for 3 days.
2012.11.7